The question of sacramental access for Catholics who have divorced and remarried without an annulment is a complex issue within the Catholic Church. The Church maintains that marriage is indissoluble, meaning a valid sacramental marriage lasts until the death of one spouse. Therefore, those who divorce and remarry civilly, without obtaining an annulment (a declaration that the prior marriage was invalid from its beginning), are considered by the Church to be in a state of objective adultery. This status traditionally barred them from receiving Holy Communion.
The historical context reveals a gradual evolution in the Church’s pastoral approach. While the doctrine on the indissolubility of marriage remains unchanged, the Church recognizes the complex circumstances surrounding divorce and remarriage. Considerations include the culpability of individuals in the breakdown of the first marriage, the care of children from the new union, and the desire of the divorced and remarried to remain active in the Church. This has led to increased discussion and varying pastoral practices regarding their participation in the sacraments, particularly Holy Communion.